Some Contributions of Archaeology in the Study of Cave and Rockshelter Sediments: Examples from Eastern New York - Funk, R. E. (Man in the Northeast, 1989)
Keywords: anthropology

Preliminary Mineralogic Analysis of Vibracore Samples from Offshore of the North Shore of Long Island, New York: United States Geological Survey Open File Report 89-111 - Grosz, A. E.; Burbanck, G. P.; M. P. Aparisi; W. M. Kelly; Albanese, J. R. (1989)
Keywords: geology

The Mineral Industry of New York, 1987 - Harrison, D. A.; W. M. Kelly (Minerals Yearbook, Vol. II, Domestic Reports, 1989)
Keywords: geology

Description and Analysis of Exposed Faults in New York - Y. W. Isachsen (New England Seismotectonic Study Activities During Fiscal year 1980, 1989)
Keywords: geology

Investigation of the Carthage-Colton Zone of Mylonitization, Northwest Adirondack Mountains, New York - Y. W. Isachsen (New England Seismotectonic Study Activities During Fiscal year 1980, 1989)
Keywords: geology

Investigation of the Hudson-Champlain Lineament, New York, Hudson River Portion - Y. W. Isachsen (New England Seismotectonic Study Activities During Fiscal Year 1980, 1989)
Keywords: geology

Investigation of the McGregor-Saratoga-Ballston Lake Fault System, Saratoga Springs Area, New York - Y. W. Isachsen (New England Seismotectonic Study Activities During Fiscal year 1980, 1989)
Keywords: geology

Lake George Basin Tectonic Study, Southeastern Adirondack Mountains, New York - Y. W. Isachsen (New England Seismotectonic Study Activities During Fiscal Year 1980, 1989)
Keywords: geology

Mineral Producers of New York: NYSGS Open File Report 0411.001 - W. M. Kelly; Albanese, J. R. (1989)
Keywords: geology

Paleoecology and Distribution of the Early Cambrian Rostroconch Watsonella crosbyi Grabau - E. Landing (Journal of Paleontology, 1989)
Watsonella crosbyi Grabau, 1900, a senior synonym of Heraultipegma varensalense (Cobbold, 1935) and H. yannense He and Yang, 1982, is the oldest known rostroconch. The species ranges through most of the Early Cambrian and has been recovered from temperate siliciclastic (Avalon Platform) and tropical carbonate (south China, Mongolia?, southern France) environments. Watsonella crosbyi occurs through approximately 880 meters of the sub-trilobitic Lower Cambrian of southeastern Newfoundland. Its lowest occurrence corresponds to the first appearance of relatively diverse small shelly faunas of the pre-Tommotian Watsonella crosbyi Zone (new). The general form of Watsonella crosbyi conchs (laterally compressed, prosogyrate, elongate posterior, subdued comarginal growth lines, very thin shell with anterior and posterior gapes) is similar to that in a number of larger burrowing pelecypods, but this does not rule out other benthic habits. However, recovery of locally common in situ conchs (plane of commissure vertical, long axis subhorizontal) in the lower and upper parts of its stratigraphic range in southeastern Newfoundland corroborates an infaunal life habit for the species. The animal is a prominent element in faunas from offshore, cohesive, siliciclastic mudstones but also occurs in calcareous nodule-rich mudstones, shell hash limestones, and, infrequently, in peritidal algalaminate limestones. A phylogenetic sequence from laterally compressed monoplacophorans to early ribeiroid rostroconchs and leading to the oldest pelecypods was completed by the middle Early Cambrian and involved infaunal mollusks.
Keywords: paleontology

The Placentian Series: Appearance of the Oldest Skeletalized Faunas in Southeastern Newfoundland - E. Landing; Myrow, P.; Benus, A. P.; Narbonne, G. M. (Journal of Paleontology, 1989)
The lowest Cambrian of Avalon, or Placentian Series, is a relatively thick sequence (1,400 m) in southeastern Newfoundland. A newly proposed body fossil zonation supplements an existing trace fossil zonation of the lower part of the Placentian Series and includes strata to the top of the sub-trilobitic Lower Cambrian. The Sabellidites cambriensis Zone brackets the Precambrian--Cambrian boundary and comprises peritidal and wave-influenced subtidal facies deposited during deepening through the lower part of the Chapel Island Formation. Younger "Ladatheca" cylindrica Zone strata include the deepest facies of the Chapel Island Formation. The base of the overlying Watsonella crosbyi Zone (a post-Nemakit Daldyn and pre-Tommotian equivalent) is significantly diachronous because the diagnostic mollusks were preferentially preserved in pyritiferous offshore muds rather than in coeval nearshore muds. High diversity, upper Watsonella crosbyi Zone faunas (18 species) are limited to peritidal limestones of member 4 and are dominated by calcareous small shelly fossils. A thick interval (ca. 430 m) without body fossils and an important episode of block faulting that led to 750 m of differential erosion preceded deposition of the lower part of the Bonavista Group (=Sunnaginia imbricata Zone, an interval considered to be largely older than the Tommotian). Although much Early Cambrian time may be lost as a result of erosion at Random Formation--Bonavista Group unconformities, many Watsonella crosbyi Zone species reappear in the Sunnaginia imbricata Zone. Shoaling accompanied the immigration event defining the base of the Camenella baltica Zone, and an unconformity following regional offlap marks the top of the Placentian Series. Calcareous, and not phosphatic, composition is most common in earliest Cambrian shelly remains. Little evidence suggests that a global, Precambrian--Cambrian boundary interval "phosphogenic" event either resulted in deposition of local phosphate deposits in the Tethyan region or had a role in the appearance of mineralized skeletons. Twenty metazoans and problematica and an alga are illustrated from the Chapel Island Formation. Bemella? vonbitteri Landing n. sp. and Halkieria stonei Landing n. sp. are described. The monoplacophoran Archaeospira? avalonensis Landing n. sp. has right- and left-handed conchs comparable to those of Archaeospira (=Yangtzespira) from China. Anabarites is the senior generic synonym of Tiksitheca.
Keywords: geology paleontology

War Over Walloomscooick: Land Use and Settlement Pattern on the Bennington Battlefield-1777 - P. Lord Jr. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1989)
Keywords: history

Cultural Resources Architectural Survey Report for Catskill Interpretive Center, Town of Shandaken, Ulster County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1989)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for Route 22, Town of Patterson, Putnam County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1989)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for the Catskill Interpretive Center, Town of Shandaken, Ulster County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1989)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Biology of Sthenopis auratus (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) - T. L. McCabe; Wagner, D. L. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1989)
Larvae of Sthenopis auratus (Grote) were found tunneling in the artichoke-like leaf bases and stems of several ferns: Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris (Linnaeus) Todaro), Marginal Shield Fern (Dryopteris marginalis (Linnaeus) Gray), Mountain Wood Fern (Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson), and Lady Fern (Athyrium filix-femina (Linnaeus) Roth), all Polypodiaceae. An ichneumonid parasite, Pterocormus devinctor Say, was associated with a cocoon of S. auratus. The early evening calling behavior by males is described. The male has prominent androconia on the hind tibia presumably for dissemination of a pheromone. Males did not seek out females, but rather adopted sessile calling displays on emergent understory vegetation. Additional locality records are given for this rare northeastern moth. The larva and pupa are described and illustrated in detail.
Keywords: biology

The Generic Flora of the Southeastern United States - N. G. Miller (Flora of North America Newsletter, 1989)
Keywords: biology

Late-Pleistocene Anthelia (Hepaticae), an arctic-alpine, snow-bed indicator at a low elevation site in Massachusetts, U.S.A. - N. G. Miller (Journal of Bryology, 1989)
A fossil of Anthelia from late-Pleistocene sediments at Tom Swamp, Massachusetts, consisted of a portion of a plant bearing the characteristic three rows of isomorphic, deeply bifid leaves. The fossil Anthelia indicates the existence of areas of late-lying snow in an essentially treeless, late-Pleistocene landscape. Associated bryophyte (mainly moss) and tracheophyte fossils establish the presence of additional hygric and mesic habitat types. The occurrence of Anthelia and other leafy liverwort fossils in the basal inorganic sediments at Tom Swamp is unusual. Features of these fossils suggest that the translucent quality of some of the fragments and their small size (1 mm or smaller), which relates to fragmentation during transport, diagenesis and extraction (the breakage resulting from a weak middle lamella between the cells), may be reasons for the rarity of Pleistocene and Holocene fossils of liverworts.
Keywords: biology paleontology

Pleistocene and Holocene floras of New England as a framework for interpreting aspects of plant rarity - N. G. Miller (Rhodora, 1989)
The times of arrival from southern sources and the rates and directions of migration are now known for many species of forest trees in New England. This information has made possible the reconstruction of generalized vegetation types for the period 14,000 to 9000 yr. B.P., as has been done recently by R. Davis and G. Jacobson for Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. The regional pattern, which has been based mainly on studies of fossil pollen from wind-pollinated trees, includes a diverse and biogeographically interesting flora of bryophytes, herbs, and shrubs that only recently is becoming defined through studies of plant macrofossils. The most thoroughly investigated sites, Tom Swamp (Massachusetts), Columbia Bridge (Vermont), and Upper South Branch Pond (Maine) have produced late-glacial floras with numerous calcicoles, some of which are rare or lacking in the present New England flora. Fossils of arctic-alpine species are also present at these sites, which are all at low elevations. A prominent calcicole element exists in the late-glacial fossil record regardless of whether the extant flora near a site contains such plants. This pattern is evident for both seed plants and bryophytes. For areas with acidic soils, the loss of calcicoles is correlated with the late-Pleistocene arrival of spruce (as documented by increases in macrofossils) at 12,800 yr. B.P. in southern New England, and some 2300 radiocarbon years later in north-central Maine. Leaching, humus or litter accumulation, and other aspects of soil genesis may have been responsible for the loss, but what caused the pattern is poorly understood. As viewed on a continental scale and over thousands of years, the elimination of calcicoles has left fragmented ranges and rare occurrences in eastern North America of boreal or northern plants that otherwise are today widespread to the west.
Keywords: biology paleontology

Structurally preserved leaves of Harrimanella hypnoides (Ericaceae): Paleoecology of a new North American late-Pleistocene fossil - N. G. Miller (American Journal of Botany, 1989)
Plant macrofossils from the basal inorganic sediments at Tom Swamp, north central Massachusetts, contained leaves, seeds, and fruits of arctic-alpine species, nearly all of which occur at present near the summits of Mt. Washington and Mt. Katahdin (New England) and in other alpine and arctic areas northward in eastern North America. Included were the needle-leaves of the dwarf shrub, Harrimanella hypnoides (L.) Coville, which matched comparative modern leaf samples in all anatomical details. The macrofossil assemblage was deposited before 12,830 ± 120 radiocarbon years ago and prior to the expansion of spruce populations in the region. Fossils of H. hypnoides suggest that snow beds were a regular feature of the summer landscape of southern New England during late glacial time. Calculations using the average lapse rate indicate that the mean annual paleotemperature in the Tom Swamp area may have been depressed 8-9 C below present means.
Keywords: biology paleontology

Guide to Recent Literature on Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): Part II - D. P. Molloy; Molloy, L. (Bulletin of the Society of Vector Ecology, 1989)
Keywords: biology

Investigation of the Feasibility of Microbial Control of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in the Adirondack Mountains of New York - D. P. Molloy; Struble, R. H. (Bulletin of the Society of Vector Ecology, 1989)
A two-year study in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State demonstrated that a groundapplied, larvicide program using Bacillus lhuringiensis var. israelensis (Bli) was a technically feasible method for the area control of black flies. The program required 102 discharge measurements and 480 applications ofcommercial formulations of Bli at dosages equivalent to 10 to 30 ppmfor 1min. Treatments were made to all streams within a 3.2-1an radius of the hamlet of Onchiota between April 1st and July 15th, 1983. The larviciding program was successful, with stream samples(n= 131) indicating a mean larval mortality(± 95% CI) of97.8% (96.9-98.5%). To measure adult activity, 1,008 and 168 one-min, insect net sweeps were made, respectively, in the 32.2 Jan2study area and at a distant control site between May 15th and July 31stboth in 1982 (pretreatment year) and 1983. Analysis of these data (39,766 adults in total) indicated that thelarviciding program resulted in statistically significant seasonal reductions in adul tblack flies: 85.8 percent at the center of the Onchiota community and 58.1 percent at its perimeter, i.e., at 1.6 Ian from the center. Thus, the Bti program achieved an average seasonal reduction of 72.0 percent in the target community. As expected, the largest adult reductions in all three genera, i.e., Prosimulium, Simulium, and Stegopterna, were recorded at the center of the community. These results suggest that in similar habitats adult black fly reductions of ca. 86 percent and 58 percent can be achieved at points 3.2 Ian and 1.6 Ian from untreated areasirrespective of the size of the total larvicided area that a community might decide to establish .. For communities interested in a Bli - black fly.control program in similar habitats, a first-year base cost of ca. $400/km2 of treated area can be expected. This represents the sum of the preparatory expenses of $70-90/km2•which would be unnecessary in subsequent years, and the actual treatmentexpcnses of$240-380/km2• which would likely decrease after the initial year due to increased efficiency of operation. Equipment puochases. liability insurance. training, etc .•would be in addition to this base cost. Labor would be the primary expense, with the cost of purchasing B Ii formulations less than 5 peocentofthe total budget. Such prices will likely make grourId-appliedcontrol programs with Bli economically feasible in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, since the cost for aerial application of broad spectrum insecticides for adult black fly control is considerably higher.
Keywords: biology

Stratigraphy of the Subsurface Lower and Middle Devonian of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Ontario - L. V. Rickard (New York State Museum Map and Chart Series, 1989)
Keywords: geology

New York State Furniture - J. L. Scherer (Winter Antique Show Catalog, New York City, 1989)
Keywords: history

A New Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) from Ash Meadows, Nevada - C. J. Sheviak (Rhodora, 1989)
Spiranthes occupying moist sites in Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, which have been cited as S. romanzoffiana Cham., are described as the new species S. infernalis Sheviak. This species is distinguished by very small flowers with free perianth segments spreading at the apices, the segments ochraceous-ochroleucous with fleshy, emerald-green bases, and lips broadest near the middle.
Keywords: biology

Acidity Status and Phytoplankton Species Richness, Standing Crop, and Community Composition in Adirondack, New York, U.S.A. Lakes - C. A. Siegfried; Bloomfield, J. A.; Sutherland, J. W. (Hydrobiologia, 1989)
The mid-summer phytoplankton communities of more than 100 Adirondack lakes ranging in pH from 4.0 to 7.2 were characterized in relation to 25 physical-chemical parameters. Phytoplankton species richness declined significantly with increasing acidity. Acidic lakes (pH < 5.0) averaged fewer than 20 species while more circumneutral waters (pH > 6.5) averaged more than 33 species. Phytoplankton abundance was not significantly correlated with any of the measured physical-chemical parameters, but standing crop parameters, i.e., chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biovolume, did correlate significantly with several parameters. Midsummer standing crop correlated best with total phosphorus concentration but acidity status affected the standing crop-phosphorus relationship. Circumneutral waters of low phosphorus content, i.e. < 10 µg·1−1 TP, averaged 3.62 µg·1−1 chlorophyll a whereas acidic lakes of the same phosphorus content averaged only 1.96 µg·1−1 chlorophyll a. The midsummer chlorophyll content of lakes of high phosphorus content, i.e. > 10 µg·1−1 TP, was not significantly affected by acidity status. Adirondack phytoplankton community composition changes with increasing acidity. The numbers of species in midsummer collections within all major taxonomic groups of algae are reduced with increasing acidity. The midsummer phytoplankton communities of acidic Adirondack lakes can generally be characterized into four broad types; 1) the depauperate clear water acid lake assemblage dominated by dinoflagellates, 2) the more diverse oligotrophic acid lake community dominated by cryptomonads, green algae, and chrysophytes, 3) the productive acid lake assemblage dominated by green algae, and 4) the chrysophyte dominated community. The major phytoplankton community types of acid lakes are associated with different levels of nutrients, aluminum concentrations, and humic influences.
Keywords: biology

Empirical Prediction of Zooplankton Biomass in Adirondack Lake - C. A. Siegfried; Sutherland, J. W. (Lake and Reservoir Management, 1989)
Empirical models of zooplankton biomass (rotifer, crustacean, and rotifer + crustacean biomass) in relation to selected morphometric (depth, surface area, flushing rate, and watershed area) and chemical variables were developed for 20 Adirondack lakes. The chemical variables were selected to characterize acidity status (pH, acid neutralizing capacity, and aluminum concentrations), trophic status (total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton biovolume, and Secchi depth), and humic influences (with dissolved organic carbon and color serving as surrogates of humic materials). Additional independent variables included major cations and anions (Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, Cl−, and SO4 −), specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Zooplankton biomass averaged 85.2 mg/m3 in the study lakes. Crustacean biomass accounted for an average of 65.9 mg/m3 and rotifer biomass for 19.4 mg/m3. Rotifer biomass was a significant component of zooplankton biomass in many circumneutral as well as acidic Adirondack lakes. The relative importance of rotifer biomass–as a percentage of total zooplankton biomass–could be predicted from an empirical relationship including the log of chlorophyll a, the log of monomeric aluminum, and true color as independent variables (R2 = .70). Rotifer biomass was particularly important in acidic lakes largely as a result of crustacean zooplankton loss rather than enhanced rotifer biomass. The best fit rotifer biomass empirical model included the log of total phosphorus and maximum depth as predictor variables (R2 = .69). Crustacean biomass was best described by a relationship that included the log of monomeric aluminum, the log of chlorophyll a, and the log of dissolved organic carbon (R2 = .70). The best fit empirical model for total zooplankton biomass was a combination of the above models including all the above independent variables except total phosphorus. This model, reflecting the interactions of acidity and productivity status and humic influences, accounted for 74 percent of the lake to lake variability in mean zooplankton biomass.
Keywords: biology

Planktonic Rotifer Community Structure in Adirondack, New York, U.S.A. Lakes in Relation to Acidity, Trophic Status and Related Water Quality Characteristics - C. A. Siegfried; Bloomfield, J. A.; Sutherland, J. W. (Hydrobiologia, 1989)
The structure of the mid-summer planktonic rotifer communities of 101 Adirondack lakes ranging in pH from 4.0 to 7.3 were characterized in relation to acidity and selected water quality parameters. More than 70 rotifer species were identified from collections in 1982 and 1984. None of the species collected could be considered acidobiontic or alkalibiontic. Keratella taurocephala was the most commonly collected rotifer, occurring in 94 of the study lakes. It was abundant throughout the range of pH investigated but was particularly dominant in acidic waters, averaging > 85 % of the rotifers collected from waters of pH < 5.0. Rotifer community structure can be related to three groups of water quality parameters. Community parameters (richness and diversity) are most highly correlated with parameters indicative of acidity status. Rotifer abundance correlates with trophic state indicators, i.e. chlorophyll a and total phosphorus, over the full range of pH investigated. However, in acidic lakes, rotifer abundance is related to true color and DOC, indicators of humic influences. The rotifer communities of the Adirondacks can be classified into four broad types: 1) A diverse, productive community of the more alkaline lakes, generally with ∼ 13 species, and dominated by Conochilus unicornis, Kellicottia bostoniensis, Kellicottia longispina, and Polyarthra major; 2) Relatively diverse communities of productive, highly colored acid lakes, with ∼ 8 species, and often with very large populations (> 200 · 1−1) dominated by K. bostoniensis and K. taurocephala; 3) Depauperate (< 4 species) communities of clear water acid lakes with generally low density populations dominated by K. taurocephala (> 90 % of rotifers in each sample); and 4) Extremely depauperate (2–3 species) acid lake communities associated with small lakes with high flushing rates dominated by C. unicornis.
Keywords: biology

Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Southwest) -Crangonid Shrimp - C. A. Siegfried (1989)
Keywords: biology

Pleistocene Geology of the Eastern, Lower Hudson Valley, New York; - Sirkin, L.; D. H. Cadwell; Connally, G. G. (Guidebook, 1989)
Keywords: geology

Extinction of birds in Eastern Polynesia: A Review of the Record, and Comparisons with other Pacific Island Groups - D. W. Steadman (Journal of Archaeological Science, 1989)
The study of bones from archaeological sites in Eastern Polynesia has revealed much late Holocene extinction of birds. Because this extinction has been found in all Eastern Polynesian archipelagos where bird bones are part of the archaeological record (Marquesas, Society, Pitcairn, and Cook island groups), similar levels of extinction are likely to be found in other Eastern Polynesian island groups (Line, Tuamotu, Gambier, Austral, Easter), if the evidence is sought. Human impact is the most plausible explanation for these extinctions, which begin immediately after peopling of the islands about 2000 years ago and diminish only after the avifaunas are largely depleted. The sites yielding bones of extinct birds include limestone caves, volcanic rockshelters, calcareous beach sands, and organic estuarine sediments. Most of the fossil avifaunas are biased toward large species because traditional techniques of archaeological excavation have recovered very few bones of small birds such as swifts, kingfishers, and passerines. A rich record of small species has been recovered from the few sites where screens of 116 in. mesh have been used. More species of Eastern Polynesian landbirds have become extinct since human arrival than survive in the region today. Extirpation, which refers to loss of individual island populations of extant species, is another major contributor to the loss of avian diversity in Eastern Polynesia; nearly all species of birds that have survived, whether seabirds or landbirds, no longer occur on most of the islands that once made up their natural (= pre-human) range. Fossils from archaeological sites have extended the ranges of many extant species by hundreds to thousands of kilometers. Such species, traditionally regarded as endemic to one or several islands, were widespread until human influences caused their disappearance from island after island. Petrels and shearwaters have undergone the greatest losses among Eastern Polynesian seabirds, although storm-petrels, boobies, frigatebirds, gulls, terns, herons, and ducks have also been affected. The losses of Eastern Polynesian landbirds are dominated by extinctions of rails (mostly flightless species confined to single islands), and the extinctions or extirpations of pigeons, parrots, passerines, and, to a lesser extent, swifts and kingfishers. The fossil record of birds in Western Polynesia (Niue, Tonga, Samoa, Wallis and Futuna, Tokelau, Tuvalu) is very limited. From Tonga, an extirpated petrel and shearwater, two extinct megapodes, and three extinct pigeons are known from Lifuka, and an extirpated shearwater, tern, rail, ground-dove, and two or three passerines have been found on 'Eua. An extinct pigeon has been described from Wallis. From Lakeba, in the Lau Group of Fiji (culturally Melanesian, faunally Western Polynesian), an extinct megapode and pigeon are known. There is no fossil record from Vanuatu or the Solomon Islands except for the very small Polynesian outlier islands of Tikopia and Anuta, where archaeological remains include extirpated shearwaters, boobies, terns, megapode, and rail. An extensive late Holocene fossil assemblage from New Caledonia includes extinct or extirpated snipe, rails, kagu, hawks, magapodes, pigeons, owls, and owlet-nightjar. The evidence from Tonga, Wallis, Fiji, and New Caledonia suggests that the Western Polynesian-Melanesian fossil record, when known more fully, may disclose as much ormore extinction as in Eastern Polynesia. There is no fossil record of birds from Micronesia. The loss of avian diversity in Eastern Polynesia is comparable in severity to that recorded from late Holocene sites (archaeological and non-archaeological) in the two major outlying Polynesian island groups, Hawaii and New Zealand. As in Eastern Polynesia, most or all Holocene extinction in the highly endemic avifaunas of Hawaii and New Zealand postdates the arrival of people during the past two millennia. Humans seem to be responsible for these extinctions. The late Holocene fossil record of the Galapagos Islands differs from those in Eastern Polynesia, Hawaii, or New Zealand in the relative abundance of reptiles (tortoises, lizards, snakes) and mammals (bats, rodents). Most fossil deposits in the Galapagos consist of bony prey-remains of the Galapagos barn owl (Tyto punctatissima). (Although the ecologically similar common barn owl, T. alba, occurs through much of Western Polynesia and Melanesia, only on 'Eua have T. alba-derived fossil deposits been collected.) Other Galapagos fossil deposits are derived from natural trap activity; unlike in Polynesia, none is anthropogenic. As in Eastern Polynesia, there are no clear-out cases of vertebrate extinction in the Galapagos that predate the arrival of people. Most avian losses in the Galapagos involve local populations rather than entire species. The extinction of birds in the Galapagos is less extensive than in Eastern Polynesia, Hawaii, or New Zealand, for the following reasons: (1) the period of human occupation is shorter (200 versus 2000 or 3000 years); (2) human populations have been much lower because of the less hospitable terrain, including many islands that have never been inhabited; (3) Galapagos birds never have been a major source of food for humans; (4) the Galapagos avifauna has been given legal protection for the past three decades; (5) introduced birds are absent on most islands; (6) introduced mammals and plants are scarce or absent on many islands. Most Galapagos extinctions have occurred only on the particular islands where the level of human impact (habitat alterations, introduced mammals) has approached that of many Polynesian islands.
Keywords: anthropology biology

Fossil Birds and Biogeography in Polynesia - D. W. Steadman (Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici II, 1989)
Keywords: biology paleontology

New Species and Records of Birds (Aves: Megapodiidae, Columbidae) from an Archeological Site on Lifuka, Tonga - D. W. Steadman (Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 1989)
Keywords: biology

A new species of Starling (Sturnidae, Aplonis) From an Archaeological Site on Huahine, Society Islands - D. W. Steadman (Notornis, 1989)
Keywords: anthropology biology

Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian Stratigraphy and Depositional Controls, East-central New York - Anderson, E.; C. Brett; Fisher, D. W.; Goodwin, P. W.; Kloc, G. J.; E. Landing; Lindemann, R. H. (1986 Canadian Paleontology and Biostratigraphy Seminar, Proceedings, 1988)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Asa Fitch and the Emergence of American Entomology: With an Entomological Bibliography and a Catalog of Taxonomic Names and Type Specimens - Barnes, J. K. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1988)
Keywords: biology history

The People of Colonial Albany, 1650-1800: The Profile of a Community - Bielinski, S. (Authority and Resistance in Early New York, 1988)
Keywords: history

Recent successional processes investigated by pollen analysis of closed-canopy forest sites - Bradshaw, R. H. W.; N. G. Miller (Vegetatio, 1988)
Forest succession was investigated by pollen analysis of two mor-humus sections and of peat from a 3 m-diameter hollow under mixed conifer-hardwood forest in north-central Massachusetts, USA. The humus profiles recorded a major forest perturbation caused by the removal of Castanea dentata by the chestnut blight (1910–1912), and the peat from the hollow extended the record beyond the time of colonial settlement (1733). Fagus grandifolia was a forest dominant before 1733 but declined abruptly upon settlement. Castanea, a late Holocene immigrant to the area, rapidly increased its pollen representation after settlement until the epidemic of the chestnut blight. Forest succession following the loss of Castanea involved the successive rise to dominance of Betula, Quercus, Acer rubrum, and Tsuga canadensis. These vegetational changes conform to observations made during studies of forest-stand composition by other workers. Allogenic factors such as logging, disease, and wind have initiated major compositional change, which has been modified by autogenic successional processes such as the gradual rise to dominance of Tsuga canadensis around one of the humus sections. The two humus sites resolve fine-scale pattern in former vegetation such as differences in the distribution of Pinus strobus and Castanea over 200 m, the distance between the mor-humus sites. These within-forest sites permit investigations of fine-scale vegetational patterns and processes that are of interest to forest ecologists.
Keywords: Autogenic and allogenic processes; Chestnut blight; Forest hollow; Forest succession; Massachusetts; Mor humus; Pre-settlement vegetation

Niagara Sheet - D. H. Cadwell (Surficial Geologic Map of New York, 1988)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 3751.21/BIN 2-20939-0, North Sixth Street over Conrail, City of Fulton, Oswego County, New York - N. L. Davis (1988)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Glacial lake Albany and Its Successors in the Hudson Lowlands - R. J. Dineen; Funk, R. E. (Field Trip Guide AMQUA 1988, 1988)
Keywords: anthropology geology

Workshop on Geology and Radon - R. H. Fakundiny; Friedman, G. M. (Northeastern Environmental Science, 1988)
Keywords: geology

Archaeological and Paleoenvironmental Investigations on Fishers Island, New York - Funk, R. E.; Pfeiffer, J. E. (Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Connecticut, 1988)
Keywords: anthropology

Evidence of Late Paleo-Indian Occupation at Saratoga Lake, New York - Funk, R. E.; Walsh, J. (Bulletin, Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 1988)
Keywords: anthropology

The Laurentian Concept: A Review - Funk, R. E. (Archaeology of Eastern North America, 1988)
The 50-year history and changing definitions of the concept of the Laurentian tradition are reviewed. Extensive research since Ritchie's most recent discussion (1973) has revolutionized the understanding of the northeastern Archaic and the place of Laurentian in the Late Archaic period. Current evidence suggests that Laurentian, as presently defined, appeared about 5200 years ago but originated in a "Proto-Laurentian" complex over 6000 years ago. Laurentian is regarded as the oldest of the known Late Archaic traditions throughout the Northeast. Its multiple origins and marked geographic variability reflect complex and still dimly grasped adaptations to regional environments.
Keywords: anthropology

An Unusual Concentration of Biface Blades from Schenectady County, New York - Funk, R. E.; Wellman, B.; Elliott, R. (Bulletin, Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 1988)
Keywords: anthropology

The Mineral Industry of New York, 1986 - Harrison, D. A.; W. M. Kelly (Minerals Yearbook, Vol. II, Area Reports: Domestic, 1988)
Keywords: geology

Dikes of the Northeast Adirondack Region: Their Distribution, Orientation, Mineralogy, Chronology, Chemistry, and Mystery - Y. W. Isachsen; W. M. Kelly; Sinton, C.; Coish, R. A.; Heisler, M. T. (Field Trip Guide, 1988)
Keywords: geology

Bibliography of George Frederic Matthew - E. Landing (Trace Fossils, Small Shelly Fossils, and the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary, 1988)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Cambrian Depositional History and Stratigraphy, Avalon-Bonavista Region, Southeastern Newfoundland. Geological Association of Canada, Field Trip Guide A.3 - E. Landing; Benus, A. P. (1988)
Keywords: geology paleontology

CambrianOrdovician boundary in North America: Revised Tremadocian Correlations, Unconformities, and 'Glacioeustasy' - E. Landing (The Canadian Paleontology and Biostratigraphy Seminar, Proceedings, 1988)
Keywords: geology paleontology

The Canadian Paleontology and Biostratigraphy Seminar, Albany, NY, Sept. 29 - Oct. 1, 1986 - E. Landing (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1988)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Depositional Tectonics and Biostratigraphy of the Western Portion of the Taconic Allochthon, Eastern New York State - E. Landing (The Model T Reconsidered: Proceedings from the World of the Model T Conference, 1988)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Lower Cambrian of Eastern Massachusetts: Stratigraphy and Small Shelly Fossils - E. Landing (Journal of Paleontology, 1988)
Abundant and diverse Lower Cambrian faunas occur in a characteristic siliciclastic-dominated Avalon Platform sequence in eastern Massachusetts. The lowest Cambrian unit, the North Attleboro Formation (new), nonconformably overlies upper Precambrian intrusives and is the local representative of a quartzite-dominated facies that is regionally extensive in the middle part of the Avalonian sub-trilobitic Lower Cambrian. The North Attleboro Formation is unconformably overlain by the shale-dominated Weymouth Formation (emended). Nearshore (Hoppin Hill area) and offshore (Boston Basin) environments are represented in the Weymouth Formation. The "Hoppin Formation" and "Pirate Cave Formation" are local designations for the Weymouth Formation, and use of these designations should be discontinued. Three faunas are known from the Weymouth Formation: the sub-trilobitic upper Aldanella attleborensis assemblage and the Camenella baltica assemblage (=Coleoloides typicalis assemblage of other authors) and the trilobite-bearing middle Callavia Zone. Most of the small shelly fossils from the Weymouth Formation are geographically widespread and, consequently, represent species that exhibit remarkable evolutionary stasis and extremely long, stage-magnitude stratigraphic ranges. Finely resolved interregional correlations of the uppermost Precambrian and Lower Cambrian based on small shelly fossils are not possible because of these features. Thirty-six species known from calcareous tubes, phosphatic sclerites, conodont-like elements, mollusk and brachiopod shells, and trace fossils are described. Plinthokonion arethion n. gen. and sp. is known from tubes composed of size-selected mica flakes with a phosphatic cement. Trypanites? ichnosp. represents the oldest reported macroborings. The type species of Anabarites, A. trisulcatus, is regarded as a morphologic variant and junior synonym of Tiksitheca korobovi.
Keywords: geology paleontology

Stratigraphy of the Bonavista Group, Southeastern Newfoundland: Growth Faults and the Distribution of the Sub-trilobitic Lower Cambrian - E. Landing; Benus, A. P. (Trace Fossils, Small Shelly Fossils, and the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary, 1988)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Trace Fossils, Small Shelly Fossils, and the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary - E. Landing; Narbonne, G. M.; Myrow, P. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1988)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Trace Fossils, Small Shelly Fossils, and the PrecambrianCambrian Boundary--A Pre-meeting Viewpoint - E. Landing (Trace Fossils, Small Shelly Fossils, and the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary, 1988)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Paleoecology and Archeology of the Eastern Great Lakes Region - Laub, R. S.; N. G. Miller; D. W. Steadman (Bulletin, 1988)
Keywords: anthropology paleontology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 0523.12.101, Meadowbrook Parkway, Towns of Hempstead and North Hempstead, Nassau County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1988)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1940.77.101, Glens Falls Feeder Canal, Sluice around 5 Combined Locks, Town of Kingsbury, Washington County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1988)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8048.82, Route 9, Town of Kinderhook, Columbia County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1988)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8390.43, Route 6 Lee Boulevard to Curry Street, Town of Yorktown, Westchester County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1988)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for Route 6, Village of Goshen, Orange County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1988)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Dipterous Parasitoids From the Adults of Moths (Lepidoptera) - T. L. McCabe (Entomological News, 1988)
Keywords: biology

Larval Hosts of Anaplectoides and Aplectoides with Notes on Their Biology (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - T. L. McCabe (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1988)
The larva of Aplectoides condita Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is described and illustrated. Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch was found to be an acceptable host. The species is univoltine and normally overwinters as a larva in a cocoon. An unusual adult form of condita is illustrated. The larva of condita is compared to that of Anaplectoides pressus (Grote). Larix laricina, Sambucus canadensis L., Salix gracilis Anderss., Vicia cracca L., Betula papyrifera Marsh and Alnus rugosa Du Roi, represent new host records for pressus.
Keywords: biology

U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Adirondack Mountains and Implications for Their Geologic Evolution - McLelland, J. M.; J. R. Chiarenzelli; P. R. Whitney; Y. W. Isachsen (Geology, 1988)
U-Pb zircon studies of metamorphosed igneous rocks in the Adirondack Mountains have yielded preliminary ages within the range 1420-990 Ma. Several geochronologically and geochemically distinct episodes of igneous intrusion and at least one pre-granulite facies dynamothermal metamorphic event are documented. This information is consistent with recent field and geochronological studies throughout the Grenville province and suggests that a complex sequence of events occurred in the Adirondack Mountains prior to the widespread deformation and metamorphism commonly attributed to the ∼1100-1000 Ma Ottawan phase of the Grenvillian orogenic cycle.
Keywords: geology

The late Quaternary Hiscock Site, Genesee County, New York: paleoecological studies based on pollen and plant macrofossils - N. G. Miller (Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, 1988)
Keywords: biology paleontology

Regional Applications of an Index of Biotic Integrity for Use in Water Resource Management - Miller, D. L.; Angermeier, P. L.; Hughes, R. M.; Karr, J. L.; D. P. Molloy; Schrader, L. H.; Thompson, B. A.; R. A. Daniels; Fausch, K. D.; Fitzhugh, G. A.; Gammon, J. R.; Halliwell, D. B.; et al. (Fisheries, 1988)
The index of biotic integrity (IBI) integrates 12 measures of stream fish assemblages for assessing water resource quality. Initially developed and tested in the Midwest, the IBI recently was adapted for use in western Oregon, northeastern Colorado, New England, the Appalachians of West Virginia and Virginia, and northern California. The concept also was extended to Louisiana estuaries. In regions of low species richness, the IBI proved difficult to apply and often required extensive modification. Adapting the 1BI to those regions required that metrics be replaced, deleted, or added to accommodate regional differences in fish distribution and assemblage structure and function. Frequently replaced metrics include: proportion of individuals as green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), proportion of individuals as insectivorous cyprinids, proportion of individuals as hybrids, and number and identity of sunfish and darter species. The proportion of individuals as top carnivore metric was often deleted. Metrics added include total fish biomass and the number and identity of minnow species. These modifications generally followed the original IBI concept and its theoretical underpinnings. Problems remain in establishing tolerance rankings and scoring criteria, and adjusting scoring criteria for gradient differences in streams of similar size. The IBI holds promise for direct biological monitoring because of its strong ecological foundation and flexibility. Vermont, Tennessee Valley Authority, Ohio, Kentucky, and Illinois have incorporated the IBI into their monitoring or standards programs. The IBI thus serves as a quantitative, biological goal for water resource management.
Keywords: biology

Review of: C. Oostendorp, The Bryophytes of the Palaeozoic and the Mesozoic - N. G. Miller (Bryologist, 1988)
Keywords: biology paleontology

Review of: J. C. Ritchie Postglacial Vegetation of Canada - N. G. Miller (Bryologist, 1988)
Keywords: biology

Review of: S. W. Eaton & E. F. Schrot. A Flora of the Vascular Plants of Cattaraugus County, New York - N. G. Miller (Rhodora, 1988)
Keywords: biology

The Identity of Thalictrum confine (Ranunculaceae) - R. S. Mitchell (Brittonia, 1988)
A history of the collecting and naming ofThalictrum confine Fern, is detailed in an attempt to clear up long-standing nomenclatural and taxonomic confusions.Thalictrum confine has traditionally been distinguished fromT. venulosum Trel. on the basis of its larger, falcate fruits; however the lectotype ofT. confine consists only of a packet of terete, subcylindric fruits, even smaller than those of the type specimen ofT. venulosum. Fernald's original description ofT. confine also does not match large-fruited plants which he later referred to that species. Those plants first cited by him asT. occidentale A. Gray, and later distributed as Gray Herbarium exisccatae under the nameT. confine, match specimens, presently found at the type location ofT. confine. Although fruit-growth was apparently arrested by forst-damage in the lectotype, it is perceived to represent the larger-fruited plants as well.Thalictrum confine is placed in synonymy under polymorphicT. venulosum. Acceptance of infraspecific taxa in the group is discouraged, but, for those who wish to segregate larger-fruited trans-Canadian plants, the correct varietal name isT. venulosum var.confine (Fern) B. Boivin, withT. turneri B. Boivin in synonymy.
Keywords: biology

Platanaceae through Myricaceae of New York State - R. S. Mitchell (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1988)
Keywords: biology

Guide to Recent Literature on Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): Part I - D. P. Molloy (Bulletin of the Society of Vector Ecology, 1988)
Keywords: biology

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Stream Discharge From a Streambank - D. P. Molloy; Struble, R. H. (Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 1988)
A detailed protocol for the determination of stream discharge is presented which requires neither a current meter nor actual entry into streamwater. The protocol represents a modification of the flotation method of discharge determination and was devised in response to the need for a simple, inexpensive, “bank-side” technique for estimation of stream flow. Discharge is determined through measurements of a stream's cross-sectional area and surface velocity. In tests at high and low flows, mean discharges determined by the proposed flotation method were not significantly different from those calculated using a standardized, current-meter method. This suggested that me proposed flotation method (a 10–20 min procedure) could be used with reasonable accuracy to determine discharge in small to moderate-sized streams.
Keywords: biology

New York Furniture: The Federal Period 1788-1825 - J. L. Scherer (Antique Review, 1988)
Keywords: history

New York Furniture: The Federal Period 1788-1825 (exhibition catalog) - J. L. Scherer (New York State Museum, 1988)
Keywords: history

Planktonic indicators of lake acidification in the Adirondack region of New York State - C. A. Siegfried (Lake and Reservoir Management, 1988)
Recent studies of plankton community structure in Adirondack lakes are summarized in relation to lake acidity status. Species richness of phytoplankton, planktonic rotifers, and crustacean zooplankton declines with decreasing pH. Highly acidic waters (pH < 5.0) average fewer than 20 phytoplankton and fewer than 12 zooplankton species in midsummer collections. More circumneutral lakes (pH > 6.0) average more than 33 phytoplankton and 20 zooplankton species. This decline in species number represents a simplification of plankton community structure rather than the invasion of new species. Very few Adirondack plankton species can be considered alkalibiontic or acidobiontic. The dominant species of acidic lakes are also generally important in non-acidic lakes of the region. Thus, presence or absence is generally not a very good indicator of lake acidity. However, shifts in the relative abundance/biomass of some species or species groups appear to be consistent with changes in pH. The relative biomass of acidobiontic diatoms and mallomonads is reported to provide a good index of acidity status. The relative biomass of the rotifer, Keratella taurocephala provides a consistent indicator of acidity. Among the crustacean zooplankton it appears that the combined relative biomass of Diaptomus minutus and Bosmina longirostris may be a useful indicator of water quality changes associated with acidification.
Keywords: biology

Galapagos : Discovery on Darwin's Islands - D. W. Steadman; Zousmer, S. (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1988)
Keywords: biology

A New Species of Porphyrio (Aves: Rallidae) from Archaeological Sites in the Marquesas Islands - D. W. Steadman (Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 1988)
Keywords: anthropology biology

A New Subspecies and New Records of Papasula abbotti (Aves: Sulidae) from Archeological Sites in the Tropical Pacific - D. W. Steadman; Schubel, S. E.; D. S. Pahlavan (Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 1988)
Keywords: anthropology biology

Prehistoric Birds of New York State - D. W. Steadman (The Atlas of Breeding Birds in New York State, 1988)
Keywords: biology paleontology

Vertebrates from the Late Quaternary Hiscock Site, Genesee County, New York - D. W. Steadman (Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Paleoecology and Archaeology of the Eastern Great Lakes Region, 1988)
Keywords: anthropology biology paleontology

First Report of Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis of the Foot Caused by Phoma minutella - Baker, J. G.; Salkin, I. F.; Forgacs, P.; J. H. Haines; Kemna , M. E. (Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1987)
Phoma minutella, a dematiaceous hyphomycete, was isolated to the exclusion of all other fungi from a subcutaneous inflammatory process on the foot of a farmer undergoing corticosteroid therapy for myasthenia gravis. Isolation was achieved on several nutrient media. Examination of stained smears and sections revealed dematiaceous fungal elements consistent with the mold. This is the first reported association of P. minutella with a human infection and only the second reported case involving a Phoma sp. as the etiologic agent of a subcutaneous infection.
Keywords: biology

Coming and Going in Early America: 'The People of Colonial Albany and Outmigration' - Bielinski, S. (Halve Maen, 1987)
Keywords: history

Hudson-Mohawk Sheet - D. H. Cadwell; R. J. Dineen (Surficial Geologic Map of New York; New York State Museum, 1987)
Keywords: geology

The Lizards of Rarotonga and Mangaia, Cook Island Group, Oceania - Crombie, R. I.; D. W. Steadman (Pacific Science, 1987)
Eight species of lizards are reported from the islands of Rarotonga and Mangaia with comments on their distribution, ecology, reproduction, and variation. Particular attention is given to systematic problems in the genus Cryptoblepharus and pattern polymorphism in Emoia cyanura. Emoia trossula, recently described from Fiji, is reported for the first time in the Cook Islands. Historic and zoogeographic evidence suggests that most species of lizards arrived on Rarotonga and Mangaia in Polynesian voyaging canoes within the past 1000 years, although Gehyra mutilata and Hemidactylus garnotii may have arrived by incidental boat or air transport in the past several decades.
Keywords: biology

PIN 8914.17.101 South Cargo Area, Eastern Section Properties associated with Stewart International Airport, Orange County, New York - E. V. Curtin (1987)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Comparative Life Histories and Microhabitat Use in Three Sympatric Sculpins (Cottidae:Cottus) in Northeastern California - R. A. Daniels (Environmental Biology of Fishes, 1987)
Life histories of three sculpins endemic to the Pit River system, northeastern California, are detailed.Cottus pitensis is widely distributed throughout the drainage. This species is typically found in rapidly flowing, shallow water on coarse substrate. It grows to a large size, >100 mm, and lives to 5 years. Spawning occurs annually, in early spring. Fecundity is relatively low, <320 oocytes.Cottus asperrimus is restricted to a large population in Fall River and smaller concentrations in Hat Creek and Pit River. It is a relatively small fish, <80 mm, and lives to 5 years. It occurs in deep, slow-moving, often spring-fed streams, typically on fine substrates. Spawning lasts from autumn to early spring. Males establish nests on hard substrates and guard several clutches of eggs. Fecundity ranges from 140–580 oocytes.Cottus klamathensis macrops is relatively rare in the drainage. The largest concentration is in the Hat Creek system, smaller populations exist in Fall River and Pit River. This sculpin is found on coarse substrate, often where aquatic vegetation is abundant. It is typically found in slow, relatively shallow water. It grows to >100mm and lives to 5 years. Males guard eggs during the short spawning season beginning in late winter. Fecundity in this species reaches a maximum of 650 oocytes. Life history strategies vary within the genus, yet the life histories of these sculpins are more similar to each other than they are to many of their congeners. This within-group similarity may have resulted from exposure of all three species to similar environmental pressures. This is predicted by life-history theory.
Keywords: Cottus asperrimus; Cottus klamathensis; Cottus pitensis; Fecundity; Growth; macrops; Microhabitat; Reproduction

Distribution and Ecology of Fishes of the Antarctic Peninsula - R. A. Daniels; Lipps, J. E. (Journal of Biogeography, 1987)
Fishes were collected from twenty-two sites off the Antarctic Peninsula from 62⚬ S to 69⚬ S latitude in 1975. Specimens of thirthy-three species representing seven families were taken. Species associations change with latitude, depth, season and substrate. The Peninsula does appear to be a zone of range overlap between the Patagonian fauna and that of the Antarctic continent. Of the thirty-three species collected, approximately one fourth represent range extensions or are newly described or previously undescribed. Based on the information reported here, and since fishes have been collected from relatively few sites, the taxonomy of many fish groups is poorly known, and habitat preferences of most fishes are unknow, we suggest that division of the Antarctic into various zoogeographic zones based on fish is not yet possible.
Keywords: biology

James Hall and the Products of His Factory; In Commemoration of the Sesquicentennial of the New York State Geological Survey - R. H. Fakundiny; Yockelson, E. L. (Earth Sciences History, 1987)
Keywords: geology

The New York State Museum; Child of the Geological Survey that Grew to be its Guardian - R. H. Fakundiny (Earth Sciences History, 1987)
Keywords: geology history

John Mason Clarke; James Hall's Protege-Successor - Fisher, D. W. (Earth Sciences History, 1987)
Keywords: geology history

Lower Devonian Limestones, Helderberg Escarpment, New York - Fisher, D. W. (Centennial Field Guide, 1987)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Mohawks Abroad: The 1764 Amsterdam Etching of Sychnecta - G. R. Hamell (Indians and Europe: An Interdisciplinary Collections of Essays, 1987)
Keywords: anthropology history

Mythical realities and European Contact in the Northeast During the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries - G. R. Hamell (Man in the Northeast, 1987)
Keywords: anthropology

Review of "Onondaga: Portrait of a People" by Dennis J. Connors, Laurence M. Hauptman, and Ray Gonyea - G. R. Hamell (Ethnohistory, 1987)
Keywords: anthropology

Strawberries, Floating Islands, and Rabbit Captains: Mythical Realities and European Contact in the Northeast During the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries - G. R. Hamell (Journal of Canadian Studies, 1987)
Keywords: anthropology

The Mineral Industry of New York, 1985 - Harrison, D. A.; W. M. Kelly (Minerals Yearbook, Vol. II, Area Reports: Domestic, 1987)
Keywords: geology

Radiocabon Dates on Bones of Extinct Birds from Hawaii - James, H. F.; T. W. Stafford Jr.; D. W. Steadman; Olson, S. L.; Martin, P. S.; Jull, A. J. T.; McCoy, P. C. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1987)
Bones from a stratified sedimentary deposit in the Puu Naio Cave site on Maui, Hawaiian Islands, reveal the late Holocene extinction of 19 species of birds. The age of the sediment and associated fauna was determined by direct radiocarbon dating (tandem particle accelerator-mass spectrometer; TAMS) of amino acids extracted from bones weighing as little as 450 mg. The 14C dates indicate that sediment has been accumulating in the lava tube for at least the last 7750 years, a suitable time frame for testing the hypothesis that Holocene extinction on islands began after human colonization. Despite growing evidence that a worldwide wave of extinctions coincided with human colonization of oceanic islands, little radiometric data have been available to date the extinction of most small fossil vertebrates on islands. The TAMS technique of dating purified collagen from the bones of small vertebrates could lead to vastly improved chronologies of extinction for oceanic islands where catastrophic mid- to late-Holocene extinction is expected or known to have occurred. Chronologies derived from nonarcheological sites that show continuous sedimentation, such as the Puu Naio Cave deposit, may also yield key evidence on the timing of earliest human settlement of Oceania.
Keywords: biology paleontology

Lectotype Designations for the Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) Described by Asa Fitch - Keirans , J. E.; Barnes, J. K. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1987)
Dr. Asa Fitch, the first professional entomologist appointed by a state legislature, described three tick species and what he questionably believed to be a fourth. These specimens have been rediscovered, and lectotypes have been designated.
Keywords: biology

Trace Fossils and Regional Significance of a Middle Devonian (Givetian) Disconformity in Southwestern Ontario - E. Landing; C. Brett (Journal of Paleontology, 1987)
The Hungry Hollow Formation on the southeastern margin of the Michigan Basin is interpreted as a composite stratigraphic unit representing the lateral equivalents of two depositional cycles in the northern Appalachian Basin. The basal beds (? = Pompey and upper Levanna transgressive hemicycle of the upper Skaneateles Formation in New York) are separated by disconformity surfaces both from the underlying Arkona Shale and from the upper part of the Hungry Hollow (=upper part of Centerfield Limestone Member). These basal beds were deposited on eroded, overcompacted claystones of the Arkona Shale, contain a diverse suite of remanie sediments, and fill deep, delicately sculpted furrows of Cruziana transversa n. ichnosp., C. reticulata n. ichnosp., and Rusophycus bilobatum (Vanuxem, 1842). This lower disconformity may be recognizable regionally over the Northern Midcontinent. Overlying beds feature the lowest local occurrence of an offshore-aspect conodont fauna of the lower Polygnathus varcus Subzone. The underlying Arkona Shale yields Icriodus-dominated (nearer-shore aspect) faunas apparently representing Polygnathus xylus ensensis Zone assemblages. The upper part of the Hungry Hollow Formation and overlying lower part of the Widder Formation represent an offlap-onlap cycle within the lower Polygnathus varcus Subzone that is comparable to that of the upper part of the Centerfield Limestone. Cruziana and Rusophycus from the Hungry Hollow were not originally produced as "undertracks" but were formed at the sediment--water interface on erosion-resistant, overconsolidated muds. The producer of Cruziana reticulata n. ichnosp. appeared in the benthic community of the field area before the excavator of C. transversa n. ichnosp. and of Rusophycus bilobatum (possibly the trilobite Dipleura). The degree of limb swing required to produce the reticulate scratch patterns in C. reticulata n. ichnosp. suggests the evolution of specialized coxa-sternite and inter-podomere hinges that were not previously considered to be present in trilobites. Comparable reticulate scratch patterns occur as early as the earliest Cambrian and are apparently related to excavation on disconformity-related mud firmgrounds.
Keywords: paleontology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for DOCs-3, Arthur Kill Correctional Facility, Proposed Expansion Area, Town of Westfield, Richmond County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso (1987)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2166.13, Route 80 over Otsquago Creek, Town of Stark, Herkimer County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1987)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8053.04, Supplementary Report, Route 301, Meads Corners to KItteridge Drive, Putnam County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1987)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8141.29.122, Route 44, Town of Gardiner, Ulster County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1987)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8460.24, Route 32, Town of Saugerties, Ulster County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1987)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8751.92.121, Supplement to Structure U, Stony Point Town Hall, East Main Street, Village of Stony Point, Rockland County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1987)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Mosquitoes of New York. Part II. Genera of Culicidae other than Aedes Occuring in New York - Means, R. G. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1987)
Keywords: biology

Late Quaternary fossil moss floras of eastern North America: evidence of major floristic changes during the late Pleistocene-early Holocene transition - N. G. Miller (Symposia Biologica Hungarica, 1987)
Keywords: biology

Paleohydrological implications of Holocene peatland development in northern Michigan - N. G. Miller; Futyma, R. P. (Quaternary Research, 1987)
Sediment, pollen, and plant macrofossil stratigraphies from two small oligotrophic Chamaedaphne-Sphagnum peatlands provide data about local hydrologic changes in northern Michigan during the Holocene. Gleason Bog started about 8000 yr B.P. as a shallow pond that supported rich fen vegetation. After it was partly filled with peat and sand (about 4000 yr B.P.), the vegetation changed to oligotrophic bog. At Gates Bog paludification starting about 3800 yr B.P. caused peat accumulation over sand without an initial pond phase. The onset of peat accumulation at both sites is attributed to a rise in the water table resulting from the onset of cool and moist late Holocene climates. The water table of Gleason Bog is linked to the water level of adjacent Douglas Lake, which may have undergone a simultaneous rise. The results emphasize the individuality of hydrological conditions and hydroseral development in northern Michigan peatlands.
Keywords: biology paleontology

Phytogeography and paleoecology of a late Pleistocene moss assemblage from northern Vermont - N. G. Miller (Mem. New York Bot. Garden, 1987)
Keywords: biology paleontology

Recent discoveries in the New York State bryoflora - N. G. Miller (Evansia, 1987)
Keywords: biology

Review of: W. B. Schofield, Introduction to Bryology - N. G. Miller (American Scientist, 1987)
Keywords: biology

The Ecology of Black Fly Parasites - D. P. Molloy (Black Flies: Ecology, Population Management, and Annotated World List, 1987)
The parasites of Simuliidae and their ecology are discussed in the following framework: (1) Aspects of the host-parasite system (approaches to invading the host; commencement of infection; maintenance of stability of parasitic and black fly populations; host specificity, including a table summarizing ranges of mermithid, fungal, protozoal and viral parasites among simuliid genera); (2) Physiological host-parasite interactions (location of infection within or on simuliid hosts, with a table listing this for protozoal, fungal, viral and mite parasites; effects on the black fly by the parasite, also summarized in a table; effect of the black fly on the parasite); (3) Dispersal of parasites; (4) Alternate hosts; and (5) Conclusions.
Keywords: biology

Review of: The Black Flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): Bionomics, Taxonomy, and Distribution, P. H. Adler and K. C. Kim. - D. P. Molloy (Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 1987)
Keywords: biology

A Candidate Stratotype for the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary, Fortune Head, Burin Peninsula, Southeastern Newfoundland - Narbonne, G. M.; Myrow, P. M.; E. Landing; Anderson, M. M. (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1987)
The Burin Peninsula exhibits an exceptionally thick and essentially continuous succession of marine strata through the Precambrian–Cambrian transition. Fossils are abundant and include trace fossils, small shelly fossils, vendotaenid algae, soft-bodied megafossils, and microfossils. The Burin Peninsula is readily accessible and has long been considered a potential area for a Precambrian–Cambrian boundary stratotype.A continuous section through the upper part of member 1 and all of member 2 of the Chapel Island Formation is exposed at Fortune Head, and this section is herein proposed as a global stratotype for the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. The boundary horizon is located 2.4 m above the base of member 2 of the Chapel Island Formation. This horizon marks the base of the basal Cambrian Phycodes pedum (ichnofossil) Zone and immediately overlies the top of the Late Precambrian Harlaniella podolica (ichnofossil) Zone. Shelly fossils (sabelliditids) first appear a few metres below the proposed boundary. Soft-bodied megafossils, carbonaceous impressions of vendotaenid algae, and organic-walled microfossils occur both below and above this boundary and enhance global correlation with this section.Fossils of the Rusophycus avalonensis (ichnofossil) Zone first appear midway through member 2 (approximately 135 m above the proposed boundary) and occur commonly throughout the upper part of the Chapel Island Formation and the overlying Random Formation. Calcareous small shelly fossils (?Circotheca sp.) appear near the top of member 2 (approximately 400 m above the proposed boundary), and a more diverse Aldanella attleborensis small shelly fossil assemblage characterizes the uppermost strata of member 3 and all of member 4 of the Chapel Island Formation (approximately 550–650 m above the proposed boundary). The lowest trilobites, representatives of the Callavia broeggeri Zone, first appear more than 1000 m above the proposed Precambrian–Cambrian boundary.
Keywords: geology paleontology

On the Occurrence of Platanthera leucophaea in Louisiana and Arkansas - C. J. Sheviak (Rhodora, 1987)
Recent herbarium studies have disclosed a specimen supporting reports of Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl. in Louisiana, but specimens cited in the past from Arkansas are neither of this species nor were they collected in that state.
Keywords: biology

Acidification, Vertebrate, and Invertebrate Predators and the Structure of Zooplankton Communities in Adirondack Lakes - C. A. Siegfried; Bloomfield, J.A.; Sutherland, J.W. (Lake and Reservoir Management, 1987)
Midsummer zooplankton community structures of 50 Adirondack lakes were evaluated in relation to dominant vertebrate and invertebrate predators and selected limnological parameters. The most important factors structuring zooplankton grazer communities were extracted in a principal components analysis. The interaction of acidity status and vertebrate planktivore abundance explains the variation in lake scores for the first principal component. The second principal component was related to predation, while the third was related to lake trophic status and humic influence. The interaction of water quality and predator abundance structures grazer communities of Adirondack lakes.
Keywords: biology

Analysis of Plankton Community Structure in Adirondack Lakes in Relation to Acidification - C. A. Siegfried; Sutherland, J.W.; Bloomfield, J.A. (Acid Rain: Scientific and Technical Advances, 1987)
Keywords: biology

Large-bodied Crustacea and Rainbow Smelt in Lake George, New York: Trophic Interactions and Phytoplankton Community Composition - C. A. Siegfried (Journal of Plankton Research, 1987)
The phytoplankton community of south Lake George, New York, has recently undergone a dramatic shift in composition; from a community dominated by Chrysophytes, Cryptomonads, and Chlorophyta (1975–1976) to one currently dominated by blue-green algae, i.e.Anacystis incerta and Aphanothece nidulans. No increases in nutrient concentrations or inputs have been documented before or during this period. This shift in dominance can be related to changes in higher trophic levels, i.e. grazers and planktivores. Standing crop and abundance of the small-bodied filter feeders, Bosmina longirostris, Daphnia galeata, D. dubia, Holopedium gibberum, Diaptomus minutus and D. sicilis are significantly greater in the south basin. Standing crop and abundance of the large-bodied Crustacea, Daphnia pulicaria, Epishura lacustris and Mysis relicta, are significantly greater in the north basin. The clutch sizes of all herbivorous species except D. minutus were significantly greater in the south basin populations. These differences are consistent with greater productivity and size slective planktivory in the south basin. Stomach analysis of the recently introduced rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax indicates a marked selection for the large-bodied Crustacea. The establishment of large populations of rainbow smelt in the south basin of Lake George is responsible for significant basin differences in the abundance of large-bodied Crustacea and appears to have contributed to the changes in phytoplankton community composition. The shift to small-bodied Crustacea in the south basin has resulted in significantly lower grazing rates but generally higher P release rates in the south basin. These factors contribute to greater springtime phytoplankton production and silica depletion in the south basin. Coccoid blue-green algae are able to dominate waters with low phosphorus and silica concentrations, i.e. Lake George. Thus, the establishment of rainbow smelt in Lake George coincides with, and appears to be responsible for, changes in phytoplankton community composition.
Keywords: biology

Plankton Community Response to the Chemical Neutralization of Three Acidified Waters in the Adirondack Mountain Region of New York State - C. A. Siegfried; Sutherland, J.W.; S. O. Quinn (Lake and Reservoir Management, 1987)
The response of the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities of three acidic Adirondack lakes to chemical neutralization is reported. The addition of base to the three lakes effectively neutralized acid conditions, raising pH from ~4.50 to 6.02 to 7.3. Concentrations of major ions were generally unaffected by neutralization treatment but aluminum concentrations were reduced. The phytoplankton and planktonic rotifer communities were initially decimated by the water column treatments but recovered within the first growing season following treatment. Species richness and standing crops of phytoplankton and rotifers approached or exceeded pre-treatment values within a year of neutralization. The crustacean community was generally slower to respond to base additions. Phytoplankton, rotifer, and crustacean community composition was changed in all lakes following treatment.
Keywords: biology

Review of "Phytoplankton Ecology: Structure, Function and Fluctuation by Graham P. Harris" - C. A. Siegfried (Ecology, 1987)
Keywords: biology

California Condor Associated with Spruce-jack Pine Woodland in the Late Pleistocene of New York - D. W. Steadman; N. G., Miller (Quaternary Research, 1987)
A humerus, coracoid, and pedal phalanx of the California Condor, Gymnogyps californianus, were recovered from the Hiscock Site in western New York, in an inorganic stratum containing wood that is 11,000 radiocarbon years old. Associated vertebrates include mastodont, wapiti, and caribou. Pollen and plant macrofossils from the sediments indicate a spruce-jack pine woodland and a local, herb-dominated wetland community. Historic records (all from western North America) and previous late Pleistocene fossils of the California Condor are associated mainly with warm-temperate climates and floras. The New York fossils show that this bird was able to live in a colder climate and in a boreal, coniferous setting at a time when appropriate food (large mammal carrion) was available. The California Condor, which survives only in captivity, has suffered a greater reduction in geographical range than previously suspected. Much of this reduction in range probably occurred ca. 11,000 yr B.P. when the extinction many North American large mammals resulted in severely reduced availability of food for the California Condor and other large scavenging birds.
Keywords: biology paleontology

New Paleontological and Archaeological Investigations at Dutchess Quarry Cave No. 8, Orange County, New York - D. W. Steadman; Funk, R. E. (Current Research in the Pleistocene, 1987)
Keywords: anthropology paleontology

Two New Species of Parrots (Aves: Psittacidae) from Archeological Sites in the Marquesas Islands - D. W. Steadman; Zarriello, M. C. (Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 1987)
Keywords: anthropology biology

The Fire Apparatus at the New York State Museum - G. Stein (From the Collections, 1987)
Keywords: history

New Records of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) from West Virginia - Tucker, G. C. (Castanea, 1987)
Keywords: biology

Detailed studies of Selected, Well-exposed Fracture Zones in the Adirondack Mountains Dome, New York - Weiner, R. W.; Y. W. Isachsen (1987)
Keywords: geology

Studies on the Culicine Mosquito Host Range of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis with Notes on the Effects of Temperature and Instar on Bacterial Efficacy - Wraight, S. P.; D. P. Molloy; Singer, S. (Journal Invertebrate Pathology, 1987)
Toxicity tests of three strains of Bacillus sphaericus against late instars of 12 culicine mosquito species indicated a wide range of susceptibility. Culex pipiens and C. salinarius were highly susceptible (LC50s < 104 spores/ml) to strain 1593, and C. pipiens and C. restuans were highly susceptible to strain 2013-4. The potency of strain SSII-1 was approximately one-tenth that of strains 1593 and 2013-4 against C. pipiens. Susceptibility of Aedes species to strain 1593 was highly variable. At temperatures ≥ 20°C, A. fitchii, A. intrudens, A. stimulans, and A. vexans were moderately to highly susceptible (LC50s 6 × 103−4 × 104 spores/ml), A. triseriatus was only slightly susceptible (LC50 > 106 spores/ml), and A. aegypti was refractory. Susceptibility of Aedes mosquitoes to strain SSII-1 was less variable, with LC50s against A. aegypti, A. canadensis, A. stimulans, and A. triseriatus all being between 104 and 106 vegetative cells + spores/ml. All species of mosquitoes tested were, in general, highly susceptible to B. thuringiensis var. israelensis (LC50s 2.3 × 103−2.5 × 104 spores/ml). In B. sphaericus toxicity tests, decreased temperatures resulted in up to a 16-fold increase in LC50 and a substantial reduction in probit line slope. First-instar A. aegypti larvae were more susceptible to B. sphaericus strain SSII-1 than the three later instars, which were approximately equally susceptible; however, no significant difference was observed in the susceptibility of the four instars of A. triseriatus.
Keywords: Aedes; Bacillus sphaericus; Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological control; Culex; Culiseta; israelensis

History of late- and postglacial vegetation and disturbance around Upper South Branch Pond, northern Maine - Anderson, R. S.; Davis, R. B.; N. G. Miller; R. Stuckenrath Jr. (Canadian Journal of Botany, 1986)
The changing character of vegetation and the effects of disturbance on vegetation are inferred from pollen, plant macrofossils, charcoal, and microlepidopteran larvel head capsules in sediment cores from Upper South Branch Pond, Maine. Following deglaciation 12 500 – 12 000 years ago, a herb–shrub tundra developed which included moss species characteristic of calcareous, mineral soils. Fire and infestation by microlepidopterans were unimportant initially but became important upon arrival of spruce, paper birch, balsam fir, white pine, and tamarack trees (ca. 10 200 – 9500 years BP). Fires were infrequent in the watershed between 7500 and 5000 years BP. The relatively stable forests of this period, dominated by hemlock and yellow birch, grew in what may have been the moistest part of the Holocene. The maximum postglacial abundance of microlepidopteran larvae is centered around the hemlock decline (ca. 4800 years BP). Subsequently, the forest was composed largely of deciduous trees and white pine. Fire incidence was greater, and fewer fossils of microlepidoptera were deposited. Lack of major disturbances between ca. 3300 and 2600 years BP coincided with increases in hemlock, tamarack, yellow birch, and arbor vitae. Increases in boreal conifers began by about 1700 years ago, suggesting cooler, and perhaps wetter, climate. An increase in microlepidoptera accompanied the recent expansion of boreal conifers.
Keywords: biology paleontology

An Annotated Catalog of the Pyrenomycetes Described by Charles H. Peck - Barr, M. E.; J. H. Haines; Rogerson, C. T.; Smith, S. J. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1986)
Keywords: biology

Review of: Dutchmen on the Bay: The Ethnohistory of a Contractual Community - Bielinski, S. (New York History, 1986)
Keywords: history

Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy of the Catskill Mountains, New York - D. H. Cadwell (The Wisconsinan Stage of the First Geological District, eastern New York, 1986)
Keywords: geology

Surficial Geologic Map of New York - D. H. Cadwell; et al. (New York State Museum Map and Chart Series, 1986)
Keywords: geology

The Wisconsinan Stage of the First Geological District, Eastern New York; New York - D. H. Cadwell (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1986)
Keywords: geology

PIN 8914.17.101 Predictive Model Properties associated with Stewart International Airport, Orange County, New York - E. V. Curtin (1986)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Trans-Adirondack Mountains Structural Discontinuities - R. H. Fakundiny (Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Basement Tectonics, 1986)
Keywords: geology

Stratigraphy and genesis of the Lake Sixteen peatland, northern Michigan - Futyma, R. P.; N. G. Miller (Canadian Journal of Botany, 1986)
The Lake Sixteen peatland is a 400-ha mire consisting principally of low-shrub (Chamaedaphne) bog and lesser areas of tree-covered (Picea – Larix) bog and sedge fen adjacent to a 55-ha alkaline lake. The sediments consist of the following superimposed deposits: gyttja, sedge peat, and Sphagnum–ericad–sedge peat. Near the edges of the peatland, highly humified, sometimes woody peat is present as the basal layer instead of gyttja. Radiocarbon-dated pollen stratigraphies from the lake and four sites in the peatland have elucidated the temporal relationships of the various sediment units and the developmental history of the peatland. During the mid-Holocene, probably in response to a change to cooler, moister climate, early Lake Sixteen underwent an expansion resulting in the deposition of gyttja over an increasingly larger area. About 3000 years BP, a sedge fen developed on the edge of the lake. Low-shrub bog replaced the sedge vegetation as the fen mat expanded into the lake. Swamping of bordering forests also allowed expansion of bog vegetation outward from the basin. Hydrological changes accompanying peat accumulation probably promoted vegetational changes within the peatland and the centrifugal spread of bog vegetation through swamping.
Keywords: biology

The Importance of Archives: Fish Illustrations of the 1926-39 Watershed Survey in New York State - George, C. J.; R. A. Daniels; Sinnott, T. J. (Fisheries, 1986)
During the summers of 1926–1939, the State of New York Conservation Department conducted a statewide watershed survey. This survey produced, among other things, a series of fish portraits of especially fine quality. The illustrations, largely the work of two artists, Ellen Edmonson and Hugh P. Chrisp, were recently rediscovered after having been misplaced for many years. The history of this archive mirrors that of archives in general. This material is a legacy and resource important to fisheries biologists, other natural historians, and natural history illustrators. Long-term protection of this material is now assured; protection and cataloguing of similar historically important material are among the greatest problems currently facing fisheries managers and researchers.
Keywords: biology

An Evaluation of Ortho-Phenyl Phenol as a Fungicidal Fumigant for Archives and Libraries - J. H. Haines; Kohler, S. A. (Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 1986)
O-phenyl phenol (OPP) was evaluated in tests designed to simulate its proposed use as a fumigant by archives and libraries to control fungus growth. It was compared with thymol (isopropyl-meta-cresol) for its ability to render the spores of seven species of common fungi non-viable, and it was found that although each fumigant had the ability to stop or retard fungus growth, neither was totally effective in preventing fungus spores from germinating.
Keywords: biology

A Fatal Poisoning from an Amatoxin Containing Lepiota - J. H. Haines; Lichstein, E.; Glickerman, D. (Mycopathologia, 1986)
The mushroom Lepiota josserandii Bon and Boif. has been identified as the cause of an unintentional, fatal intoxication in New York. The course of the symptoms, beginning with a 9 h latent period, was similar to what would be expected in a case of Amanita phalloides-type intoxication. Despite supportive medical care the victim expired 110 h after ingestion. Thin layer chromatography detected the presence of alpha- and gamma-amanitin and radioimmunoassay confirmed a level of 3.5 mg/gm dry weight of amatoxins in mushrooms from the same location.
Keywords: biology

The Carthage-Colton Mylonite Zone, A Major Ductile Fault in the Grenville Province - Y. W. Isachsen; Geraghty, E. P. (Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Basement Tectonics, 1986)
Keywords: geology

Tempo of Earliest Ordovician Graptolite Faunal Succession: Conodont-based Correlations from the Tremadocian of Quebec - E. Landing; Barnes, C. R.; Stevens, R. K. (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1986)
Successive Tremadocian planktic dendroid graptolite assemblages from continental slope sequences in Quebec can be correlated with North American platform biozonations on the basis of conodonts. Anisograptid-bearing (Assemblage 2), middle Tremadocian "Matane faunas" are associated with Early Ordovician Rossodus manitouensis Zone (new designation) conodonts. Younger middle Tremadocian faunas with adelograptids (Assemblage 3) are no younger than the Rossodus manitouensis Zone. Key dendroid evolutionary–immigration events take place within the lower conodont Fauna B interval. Rooted dendroids near Cap des Rosiers, Quebec, and in eastern New York State occur with lower Fauna B conodonts and the trilobites Pareuloma and Borthaspidella. However, the earliest Tremadocian (and earliest Ordovician) dendroid immigration event, represented by the local lowest occurrence of faunas with Dictyonema flabelliforme s.l. at localities in western Newfoundland, eastern New York State, Norway, and eastern China, also lies within the lower Fauna B interval. Finally, the lowest occurrence of key Assemblage 2 dendroid taxa falls within the lower Fauna B interval at the latter localities.The Rossodus manitouensis Zone is proposed as a new designation for a biostratigraphic unit that is appropriate for North American marginal and open shelf sequences. This zone is approximately equivalent to the "Loxodus bransoni Interval" of other authors and is characterized by Fauna C conodonts. Newly described taxa include Rossodus? highgatensis n. sp., Scolopodus? praecornuformis n. sp., and Variabiloconus n. gen.
Keywords: geology paleontology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for Eastern Correctional Facility, Town of Wawarsing, Ulster County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1986)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 0327.52, Route 25A-Spot Improvements, Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1986)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8017.12, Route 117/Katonah Bypass, Town of Bedford, Westchester County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1986)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8480.15 (Supplement 2), Route 100/202 at Daisy Lane, Towns of North Salem and Somers, Westchester County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1986)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A New Perspective on Indian-White Contact: Cultural Symbols and Colonial Trade - Miller, C. L.; G. R. Hamell (The Journal of American History, 1986)
Keywords: anthropology history

New York State Museum, Sesquicentennial of the Biological and Geological Surveys - N. G. Miller; Barnes, J. K. (Association of Systematics Collections Newsletter, 1986)
Keywords: biology

Review of: A. F. Dyer and J. G. Duckett, The Experimental Biology of Bryophytes - N. G. Miller (American Scientist, 1986)
Keywords: biology

A Checklist of New York State Plants, Checklist III - R. S. Mitchell (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1986)
Keywords: biology

A Rare Fringed Gentian (Gentianopsis procera) at Niagara Falls - R. S. Mitchell (Clintonia, 1986)
Keywords: biology

Annual and Long-term Patterns in Distribution and Abundance of a Non-coevolved Assemblage of Estuarine Fishes - P. B. Moyle; R. A. Daniels; Herbold, B. L.; Baltz, D. M. (Fishery Bulletin 84, 1986)
The patterns of distribution and abundance of the fishes of Suisun Marsh, a portion of the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary in central California, were studied over a 54-month period. Thtal fish abundance in the marsh exhibited strong seasonality; numbers and biomass were lowest in winter and spring and highest in late summer. Freshwater inflow was highest in the winter and lowest in late summer, when salinities and temperatures were highest. 'I\venty-one species were collected on a regular basis; the 10 most abundant were Marone saxatilis, Pogonichthys macrolepidotus, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Hystrocarpus traski, Cottus asper, Spirinchus thaleichthys, Acanthogobius flavimanus, Catostomus occidelltalis, Leptocottus armatus, and Platichthys stellatus. Another 21 species occurred in small numbers on an irregular basis. Twenty of the 42 species had been introduced to California since 1879. Of the 21 common species, 14 were residents, 4 were winter seasonals. and 3 were spring/summer seasonals. The resident species fell into two groups: a group of native species that were concentrated in small dead-end sloughs and a group of native and introduced species that were most abundant in the larger sloughs. The seasonal species were also a mixture of native and introduced species. Thtal fish abundance and species diversity declined through the study period, which seemed to be related to strong year classes of some species early in the study and the prevalence of freshwater conditions late in the study. The structure of the fish assemblage was fairly consistent over the study period but changes are expected in the near future. The structure of the Suisun Marsh fish assemblage was similar to that found in other river-dominated estuaries, despite the mixture of native and introduced specit?s.
Keywords: biology

Finger Lakes Sheet - Muller, E. H.; D. H. Cadwell (Surficial Geologic Map of New York, 1986)
Keywords: geology

The Rustic Artistry of Clarence Nichols (exhibition catalog) - J. L. Scherer; Gilborne, C. (Adirondack Museum, 1986)
Keywords: history

A Shaker Legacy - J. L. Scherer (Antique Review, 1986)
Keywords: history

The Prairie Fringed Orchids: A Pollinator-isolated Species Pair - C. J. Sheviak; Bowles, M. L. (Rhodora, 1986)
Keywords: biology

Understanding New York Lakes - C. A. Siegfried (New York State Museum Educational Leaflet, 1986)
Keywords: biology

The late Quaternary Hiscock Site, Genesee County, New York - D. W. Steadman; Laub, R. S.; N. G. Miller (Current Research in the Pleistocene, 1986)
Keywords: biology paleontology

Two New Species of Rails (Aves: Rallidae) from Mangaia, Southern Cook Islands - D. W. Steadman (Pacific Science, 1986)
Two species of rails, Porzana rua n. sp. and Gallirallus ripleyi n. sp., are described from bones of late Holocene age found in caves on Mangaia, southern Cook Islands. Their relatively small pectoral elements show that both of these species were flightless. Porzana rua resembles most closely the living P. atra of Henderson Island and the recently extinct P. monasa of Kosrae Island, Carolines. Gallirallus ripleyi is most similar to the recently extinct G. wakensis of Wake Island. Some combination of predation and habitat alteration by humans and introduced mammals (rats, dogs, and pigs) is probably responsible for the extinction of P. rua and G. ripleyi within the past 1000 years. Fossils of a third species of rail from the Mangaian caves are referred to the living species Porzana tabuensis, although these specimens may represent an undescribed subspecies. Porzana tabuensis might survive on Mangaia and elsewhere in the southern Cook Islands, although entire specimens have never been collected. An X ray of the only two specimens (skins) of Porzana monasa (Kittlitz) shows that this species from Kosrae (Kusai) Island, Carolines, was flightless or nearly so. It is likely that all islands in the Pacific were inhabited by one or more species of flightless rail before the arrival of humans. In both Porzana and Gallirallus, at least one early wave of colonization produced flightless species throughout Oceania, followed by a less thorough and much more recent (probably late Holocene) wave of colonization by the volant P. tabuensis and G. philippensis.
Keywords: biology

In Celebration; New York Observes Sesquicentennial - R. H. Fakundiny; Albanese, J. R.; Fisher, D. W. (Geotimes, 1985)
Keywords: geology

Practical Applications of Geological Methods at the West Valley Low-level Radioactive Waste Burial Ground, Western New York - R. H. Fakundiny (Northeastern Environmental Science, 1985)
Geologic studies and a radioactive-waste landfill near the hamlet of West Valley, in northern Cattaraugus County, N.Y., evaluated the feasibility of low-level radioactive waste disposal by shallow burial in glacial deposits of the humid northeastern United States. The 8-year series of studies, funded by several Federal and New York State agencies, has shown that, although remedial maintenance at the site is necessary, the technique is safe and feasible if the waste is catalogued properly upon arrival and is compacted and buried in a manner that prevents later changes in waste volume and if water is prevented from infiltrating the burial trench. Major topics addressed in the studies included regional geology of glacial deposits, site stratigraphy and petrography, engineering and fluid properties of burial-host material measured in situ and in the laboratory, geomorphic processes, ground-water movement and chemistry, burial-trench dynamics in relation to atmospheric pressure and precipitation, surface-water flow, and biological paths for radionuclide movement.
Keywords: geology

A new Aneura Dum. (Hepaticae: Aneuraceae) from eastern North America - Inoue, H.; N. G. Miller (Bulletin Of The National Science Museum Series B (botany), 1985)
Aneura sharpii Inoue and Miller, which appears related to A. pinguis (L.) Dum. and A. maxima Schiffn., is described and illustrated as new species from North America (Tennesses [USA], West Virginia, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont). Aneura sharpii is defined by rather narrow, bright green thalli (with the marginal wings broadly unistratose and varying from rather deeply lobed to weakly or moderately sinuate) and smooth calyptrae.
Keywords: biology

Industrial Minerals of New York State - W. M. Kelly (Proceedings: 20th Annual Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals, 1985)
Keywords: geology

Devonian Series Boundaries in the Eastern United States - Kirchgasser, W. T.; W. A. Oliver Jr.; L. V. Rickard (Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 1985)
Keywords: geology

The Levis Formation: Passive Margin Slope Processes and Dynamic Stratigraphy in the Western Area - E. Landing; Benus, A. P. (Field Trips Guidebook. Canadian Paleontology and Biostratigraphy Seminar, Ste. Foy, Quebec, 1985)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Report for PIN 0753.78, Smithtown and Ronkonkoma Avenue over the Long Island Railroad, Towns of Brookhaven and Islip, Suffolk County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 0327.53, Intersection Improvements, Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 0753.78, Smithtown and Ronkonkoma Avenue over the Long Island Railroad, Town of Brookhaven and Islip, Suffolk County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1016.20, Interstate 890/Exit 26 Study, Town of Glenville, Schenectady County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1940.59, Murray Street/Glens Falls Feeder Canal, City of Glens Falls, Warren County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2751.12, Carpenter Road/Tioghnioga River East Branch, Town of DeRuyter, Madison County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2751.25, Shells Bush Road/West Canada Creek, Town of Herkimer, Herkimer County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8053.03, Route 301, Towns of Kent and Carmel, Putnam County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8122.06, NYS Route 212/Plattekill, Town of Saugerties, Ulser County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8751.92, East Main Street-Stony Point, Town of Stony Point, Rockland County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 9389.18, Route 97 over Callicoon Creek, East Branch (Detour), Town of Delaware, Sullivan County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Prereconnaissance Survey Report of NYS Route 117, Town of Bedford, Westchester County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

An Annotated List of Pine Bush Caddis (Insecta: Trichoptera) - T. L. McCabe (Skenectada, 1985)
Keywords: biology

An Annotated List of Pine Bush Cerambycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). : - T. L. McCabe; Huether, J. P. (Skenectada, 1985)
Keywords: biology

The Natural History of Oncocnemis piffardi (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - T. L. McCabe (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1985)
he natural history of Oncocnemis piffardi (Walker) is described and the larva and pupa are illustrated. Larvae have been field-collected as well as cultured on Spiraea latifolia (Art.) Borkh., its natural host. Elpe semiothisae (Brooks) (Tachinidae) and an apparently undescribed Mesocharus (Ichneumonidae) were reared from field-collected larvae. The Mesocharus is a hyperparasite of yet another ichneumonid.
Keywords: biology

Fossil evidence of the dispersal and establishment of mosses as gametophyte fragments - N. G. Miller (Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, 1985)
Keywords: biology

Introduction [to Species Concepts in Bryophytes: Traditional and Innovative Approaches] - N. G. Miller (Bryologist, 1985)
Keywords: biology

Species Concepts in Bryophytes: Traditional and Innovative Approaches - N. G. Miller (Bryologist, 1985)
Keywords: biology

Diptera (Simuliidae) - D. P. Molloy; Hannon, B. H. (Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology, 1984, 1985)
Keywords: biology

Correlation of the subsurface Lower and Middle Devonian of the Lake Erie Region; Alternative Interpretation and Reply - L. V. Rickard (Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1985)
Keywords: geology

The Middle-Upper Devonian Series Boundary; An Evaluation - L. V. Rickard (Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 1985)
Keywords: geology

The Ordovician System in the United States: Correlation Chart and Explanatory Notes - Ross, R. J.; Adler, F. J.; Amsden, T. W.; Bergstrom, D.; Bergstrom, S. M.; Carter, C.; Churkin, M.; Cressman, E. A.; Derby, J. R.; J. T. Dutro Jr.; Ethington, R. L.; Finney, S. C.; et al. (International Union of Geological Sciences Publications, 1985)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Greek Temples on The Towpath, A History and Guide to the Vischer Ferry Historic District (Revised and Expanded) - J. L. Scherer (1985)
Keywords: history

Music Halls to Movie Palaces (exhibition catalog) - J. L. Scherer (Gallery Association of New York State, 1985)
Keywords: history

Spiranthes diluvialis: Clear Creek's New Orchid - C. J. Sheviak (The Green Thumb, 1985)
Keywords: biology

Dominance by Blue-green Algae in an Oligotrophic Lake: Interaction of Nutrient Availability and Trophic Relations in Structuring a Phytoplankton Community - C. A. Siegfried (Lake and Reservoir Management, 1985)
Keywords: biology

Life History, Population Dynamics and Production of Pontoporeia hoyi (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in Relation to the Trophic Gradient of Lake George, New York - C. A. Siegfried (Hydrobiologia, 1985)
The life history characteristics, population dynamics and production of Pontoporeia hoyi in Lake George, New York, were studied from May 1981 through October 1982. P. hoyi, in terms of both density and standing crop, is the most prevalent member of the deep water macrobenthos of Lake George. It reproduces in the winter, with young being released in the late winter-early spring. At the southernmost study site, young released in the spring grew to 6–7 mm in length and bred during their first winter. At the remaining sites, P. hoyi required two years to complete its life cycle. This difference in life history characteristics can be related to food availability and temperature differences. The open waters of the south end of Lake George are not only more productive but are also more closely associated with the littoral zone, providing a wealth of bacteria-rich detritus for benthic deposit feeders. The greater food availability in the south basin of Lake George is reflected in significantly larger brood sizes and smaller size at maturity for P. hoyi populations from the south end of the lake. The southernmost study site has significantly greater P. hoyi density and standing crop than all other sites. The cohort of the year dominated density and standing crop at the southern site while the cohort of the previous year dominated standing crop at the other sites. Peak abundance ranged from 600 · m−2 at the north site to 2 900 · m−2 at the south site. Cohort production ranged from ∼2g · m–2 at the north site to ∼15g · m−2 at the south site.
Keywords: Amphipoda; benthos; life history; Pontoporeia hoyi; production

Post-neutralization Plankton Communities of Bone Pond, Franklin County, New York - C. A. Siegfried (1985)
Keywords: biology

Bird Remains from an Archaeological Site on Henderson Island, South Pacific: Man Caused Extinctions on an - D. W. Steadman; Olson, S. L. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1985)
Long thought never to have been inhabited and to be in a pristine ecological state, Henderson Island (southeast Pacific) is now known to have been colonized and then abandoned by Polynesians. Bones from an archaeological site on the island associated with 14C dates of ≈800 and ≈500 years B.P. include specimens of 12 species of birds, of which 3, a storm-petrel and two pigeons (Nesofregetta fuliginosa, Ducula cf. aurorae or D. pacifica, and Ducula cf. galeata), no longer occur on Henderson, and two others (Puffinus nativitatis and Sula sula) still visit but are not known to breed. The vanished species were presumably exterminated by Polynesians and the biota of Henderson Island can thus no longer be regarded as being in an unaltered state. The prehistoric abandonment of various small, unarable islands by Polynesians may have been due to the depletion of seabirds and pigeons, the only readily available food source. The species of pigeons identified from Henderson are known historically only from distant archipelagos and have never before been found sympatrically. Distributional patterns resulting from man-caused extinctions may give rise to erroneous interpretations of the relationships and evolutionary history of insular organisms. Certain endangered species, such as Ducula galeata, might effectively be preserved by reintroduction to abandoned islands that they occupied before human intervention.
Keywords: anthropology biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2044.20, Route 30 over Kennyetoo Creek, Town of Mayfield, Fulton County, New York. - Vaillancourt, D.; M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8130.47.122, Route 22, Town of Southeast, Putnam County, New York - Vaillancourt, D.; M.S. LoRusso; Ryan, J. (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

PIN 8751.98 CR 33 over Plattekill Creek, Towns of Saugerties and Ulster, Ulster County, New York - Vaillencourt, D.; M.S. LoRusso (1985)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Rocks and Problems of the Southeastern Adirondacks - P. R. Whitney (Field Trip Guidebook, 1985)
Keywords: geology